Il rituale che appare nel Libro delle Porte è in parte analogo al “Libro dell’Amduat”.
Compare verso la fine della XVIII dinastia nella tomba del faraone Horemheb nella Valle dei Re.
Il libro riprende sia pure con notevoli differenze il tema del viaggio notturno della barca del sole nella Duat, che si svolge in una zona desertica. Questo testo si compone di un riquadro iniziale seguito da undici divisioni e da un riquadro finale o dodicesima divisione.
Sulla barca divina, a partire dalla prima divisione, vi sono solo due personaggi:
Sia, la sapienza e Heka la magia, riassumono la conoscenza e la realizzazione delle fasi del ciclo solare.
Il dio If , rappresentato con corpo umano testa d’ariete e disco solare, per rinascere all’alba del nuovo giorno deve attraversare la distesa sabbiosa della Duat, superando dodici Porte fortificate e difese da guardiani e spaventosi serpenti ritti sulla coda e sputanti fiamme.
Il libro dell’Amduat descrive i funerali reali che si svolgevano di notte e duravano dodici ore, il tempo necessario per la trasformazione del sole.
Il Libro delle Porte, invece, descrive il “passaggio della funzione regale dal sovrano defunto al nuovo re”, quindi la rigenerazione del sole visto come una successione, in un certo senso questo rituale completava il Libro dell’Amduat.
Nella seconda divisione la barca del sole viene trainata verso otto persone che tengono sulle spalle una lunga barra “la barca della terra”; accanto un enorme serpente sovrasta dodici dei che sono nella Duat, mentre nel registro inferiore Atum sorveglia il serpente Apophis.
Nella terza divisione viene simbolicamente rappresentata la trasmissione del potere reale, mentre nella quinta compare il giudizio dei colpevoli di fronte ad Osiride.
Il dio è su una sorta di pedana, la “Collina Primordiale”, mentre di fronte a sé un personaggio porta una bilancia con i piatti vuoti.
La punizione dei condannati “a causa di ciò che essi hanno fatto nella grande sala di Ra”, è il tema della sesta divisione.
La sopravvivenza del ba è lo scopo che si prefigge Ra nella settima divisione, mentre la purificazione dei defunti è messa in risalto nell’ottava e nella nona viene ripreso il tema della regalità.
Nella decima è raffigurato il castigo di Apophis.
Il serpente è imprigionato e incatenato da otto dei, sulla catena è raffigurata la dea Serqet, nel registro centrale Ra è trainato su una barca, i suoi occhi si aprono mentre gli addetti al traino recitano:
”O Ra, tu possiedi il volto, Tu sei grande, Tu sei soddisfatto con la tua testa misteriosa.
Il volto di Ra è aperto, gli occhi di Colui che è all’orizzonte vedono, egli disperde le tenebre dell’Occidente”.
In questa raffigurazione si vede il dio Horus–Seth a due teste, posto su due grandi archi con tre urei per parte, rappresentazione della sottomissione del Sud e del Nord.
Nell’ undicesima divisione è rappresentata un’altra scena relativa alla punizione di Apophis ancora in catene, preceduto da nove dei armati di coltelli e bastoni, cioè l’Enneade che castiga Apophis. I cinque bastoni ricurvi ai quali il serpente è legato sono Geb e i quattro figli di Horus.
La dodicesima divisione tratta il tema dell’uscita dalle tenebre.
E’ raffigurato Nun, l’oceano primordiale, che fa scaturire dalle acque del caos la barca solare sollevandola con le braccia, al centro della barca vi è Khepri tra Iside e Nefhti, ai lati ci sono Sia, Shu, Geb e altri tre dei che personificano le porte.
Nut capovolta e, uno strano essere che con il proprio corpo forma un cerchio, in modo che i suoi piedi tocchino la testa risalendo dalla parte posteriore, accolgono il disco solare posto al di sopra di Khepri.
Anche in questo rituale Ra mantiene la caratteristica di dio universale:
”Il suo viso è cielo, egli è l’eterno, signore degli anni, l’infinito senza diminuzioni”.
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