La dea Maat viene rappresentata sotto forma di donna con il capo ornato da una piuma di struzzo che rappresenta il simbolo del suo nome nei geroglifici.
Maat è l’incarnazione della giustizia.
Figlia di Ra “a cui nulla sfugge e padre del faraone, nonchè dispensatrice della giustizia.
Era alla dea Maat che il re faceva offerte durante il “culto divino”, ed era la sua piuma che costituiva il contrappeso del cuore sulla bilancia interpellata da Anubi durante il “guidizio di Osiride“
Nell’Antico Regno, i giudici erano “sacerdoti di Maat”. Anche i visir quando era chiamato a ricoprire le funzioni giudiziarie diveniva chiamato”sacerdote di Maat”.
Giustizia e Verità!
Maat rappresentava anche l’ordine universale, la legge grazie alla quale il mondo vive nell’armonia, la forza per la quale la creazione di Ra non ripiombava nel caos primordiale.
La regola di Maat
La dea Maat è sempre rappresentata con una figura esile, gentile e leggera come la piuma di struzzo che reca sul capo. Questa sua “leggerezza” evoca simbolicamente a ciò che rappresenta: la Verità, la Giustizia e l’Ordine.
La pesatura del cuore
Nel capitolo centoventicinque del Libro dei Morti viene descritto uno dei passaggi che l’uomo dell’Antico Egitto doveva affrontare dopo la sua morte per raggiungere i Campi dei Giunchi : la pesatura del cuore ed il giudizio divino.
I 42 giudici del tribunale della sala delle due Maat
[…] sapienza, che prende nota del peso del cuore. Se il cuore sarà più pesante della piuma della dea Maat, Ammit lo […]
[…] MaatSimbolo della verità e della giustizia. Figura nella cerimonia del giudizio del defuntoLa regola di Ma’atMaat è l’incarnazione della giustizia, figlia di Ra “a cui nulla sfugge e padre del faraone, nonchè dispensatrice della giustiziaMeskhenetDea-destino protettrice dei parti, a volte associata come sposa del dio del destino Shai.MinDio della terra e della fecondità. Veniva sempre rappresentato come dio itifallico.MontuDio guerriero, patrono della guerra e delle sue arti.MutDea di una località vicino a , dove si trova il suo tempio, viene raffigurata sotto forma di donna o di avvoltoio. I copricapi delle regine, che presentano spesso le ali e una testa di avvoltoio, si intitolano alla dea, sposa di Amon.NefertemDio della regione di Menfi. Era figlio di Ptah e Sekhmet.NefthiFiglia di Geb e Nut, sorella di Osiride, Iside e SethNeithDea di Sais. creatrice della guerra, in seguito dea della cacciaNekhbetDea avvoltoio di El Kab. Era associata alla regalità.NepriFiglio della dea Renenutet, spesso raffigurato tra le sue braccia, Nepri era la divinità della natura e simboleggiava il grano. Semi di grano formavano il suo corpo, a volte appariva con due spighe di grano sul capo..NutDea del cielo, sorella e sposa di Geb, madre di Osiride, Iside, Seth e NefthiOsirideE’ il dio-re dell’Egitto, sposo-fratello di Iside e padre di Horus. Dopo la morte regna sull’aldilàPtahDio di Menfi creatore dell’universo.La sua esistenza sarebbe precedente a quella di Atum-RaQuebhsenufil falcone proteggeva gli intestini e spiritualmente l’aspetto del defunto (era sotto la protezione della dea Selket, lo scorpione)RaDeificazione del sole visibile, fu adorato in diverse località dell’Egitto prima che ne prendesse possesso la teologia eliopolitana– Le due amiche di RaRa – HarakhtiIn origine una delle otto divinità primordiali adorate ad Ermopoli, divenne poi il dio supremo.RenenutetEra la divinità della regione del Fayyum venerata come “Signora della Terra fertile”SelkisDea scorpione, era rappresentata come scorpione a testa di donnaSatetDea di Elefantina e sposa di KhnumSekmetEra legata a Bastet, la dea gatta, nella quale si riteneva si fosse trasformata.SeshatDea del destino.SethDio della siccità e del cattivo tempo,potenza distruttrice,simbolo del male.ShaiDio del destinoShuDio dell’aria secca, figlio di Atum e gemello di Tefnut. Genera Geb e Nut.SobekDio coccodrillo del Fayum e di Kom Ombo, connesso alle acque ed alla fertilità.SokarDio della necropoli menfita, patrono della metallurgia e dei fabbriTatenenDio funerario di Menfi, simboleggiava la terra emersa dal caos primordiale.TefnetDea di Oxyrhynchos. Dea dell’aria umida, figlia di Atum e gemella e sposa di Shu.ThotDio di Hermopolis.Nell’oltretomba assiste alla pesatura del cuore del defunto.TueretDea ippopotamo, protettrice della casa e della gravidanzaUadjetDea serpente di Buto, era patrona della regalità e associata a Nekhbet nei titoli del faraone.UpuautL’apritore di strade […]
[…] nel “Castello della Luna”, una sala enorme con una porta monumentale, portando con sé la dea Maat, che qui appariva come Iside, posta a prua della barca […]
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