OLANDA
Una terra adagiata sull’acqua con novanta isolette divise da circa cento chilometri di canali, collegate tra loro da quattrocento ponti in pietra.
Con Venezia, ha in comune anche il fatto di essere un importante centro d’arte pittorica e architettonica.
Due città che nel passato, hanno dimostrato di essere tolleranti, aperte alle nuove idee e alle minoranze religiose. Sia il ghetto di Venezia, sia la comunità Ebraica di Amsterdam hanno infatti giocato un ruolo primario nella storia e nell’economia delle due città.
Sorta circa settecento anni fa, Amsterdam ha sempre legato il suo destino all’acqua, il suo nome, “Amstellodamme” la diga sull’Amstel, è citato per la prima volta in un documento di dogana, datato 1275.
Una distesa di inospitali acquitrini, ecco come si presentò ai primi abitanti dell’Olanda che si insediarono costruendo le prime capanne su dune di sabbia presso quella che diverrà la città di Haarlem.
Furono i primi pescatori, che vi si stabilirono alla fine del XII secolo, ad erigere delle Dighe come lo Zeedijk per contrastare il livello del mare.
Sull’Amstel, crearono un passaggio provvisto di chiuse, denominato Dam e il villaggio che riuscirono a realizzare si chiamò Amstel-Dam, la futura Amsterdam.
In quello che nel futuro sarebbe divenuto il famoso quartiere a “luci rosse”, fu edificata anche la prima chiesa in legno dedicata a San Nicola patrono dei pescatori e dei marinai, ribattezzata, dopo la Riforma, con il nome di Oude Kerk.
a cura di Francesco Addante BlogOlanda.it
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