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CALENDARIO GREGORIANO

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Gen 24, 2020 , ,

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Calendario Gregoriano

Il calendario civile usato oggi in tutto l’occidente non è altro che quello romano riformato da Giulio Cesare nel 45 a.C. e adattato poi dai cristiani che ne fecero un calendario religioso.

L’ultima variante fu introdotta, nel 1582, dalla Chiesa Cattolica da papa Gregorio XIII, dal quale deriva il nome di calendario gregoriano.

Nel 325 al concilio di Nicea fu rilevato che l’equinozio di primavera invece di cadere il 25 Marzo, come al tempo di Cesare, era anticipato al 21 Marzo per l’imprecisione nel calendario giuliano che è basato su una durata media dell’anno di 365 giorni, 6 ore e dodici minuti.

La Chiesa si limitò a registrare tale slittamento senza effettuare alcuna correzione al calendario.

Nel 700 si propose di riformare il calendario per correggere questo errore, che stava provocando un continuo anticipo dell’equinozio, e nei secoli successivi vi furono analoghe proposte.

Non se ne fece nulla fino al 1582 quando l’equinozio di primavera era ormai slittato all’11 Marzo.

Dopo molti studi fu approvato il progetto che consisteva nel saltare 10 giorni in modo da riportare l’equinozio al 21 Marzo; l’operazione ebbe luogo il 4 Ottobre del 1582.

Il giorno dopo fu il 15 Ottobre!

Le novità di questo calendario furono:

Gli anni secolari (ovvero divisibili per cento) non sono più bisestili. Il secolo dura dunque 36.524 giorni e la durata media dell’anno si avvicina al reale.

Gli anni secolari divisibili per 400, come il 1600 o il 2000, sono invece di nuovo bisestili, e la durata media dell’anno gregoriano viene così ad essere di 365.2425 pari a 365g 5h 49m 12s un valore ancor più vicino alla durata dell’anno tropico che è di 365g 5h 48m 46s.

Vi è dunque ancora una piccola imprecisione in questo calendario, ma perchè la cosa dia luogo alla perdita di un altro giorno ci vorranno più di 3000 anni!

POTREBBE INTERESSARTI

Calendario della Rivoluzione Francese
Calendario antico Egitto

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