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Biografie Medioevo

GUGLIELMO II IL ROSSO

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Feb 13, 2020 , , , , , ,

Un assassinio politico, un tragico incidente o un macabro rito pagano?

Guglielmo II il rosso

Agosto 1100.

Guglielmo II d’Inghilterra sta partecipando ad una caccia al cervo nella New Forest, un’ampia zona adibita a riserva di caccia reale nell’Inghilterra meridionale.

Insieme al re ed ad un numeroso seguito e il fratello minore Enrico. Ad un certo punto la compagnia si divide in gruppetti ed il re si allontana in compagnia del suo consigliere Walter Tirel.

Quello che accade in seguito rimane un mistero.

Un cervo passò accanto al re che immediatamente scoccò una freccia che ferì l’animale. Nello stesso momento anche Tirel scoccò la sua freccia, ma invece di colpire il cervo, trafisse il re che cadendo in avanti conficcò ancora più profondamente nel petto la freccia.

Guglielmo II morì all’istante, Tirel fuggì in Francia.

Enrico e gli altri partecipanti alla caccia si diressero immediatamente a Winchester, dove era custodito il tesoro reale, impossessandosene. Il corpo di Guglielmo rimase sul terreno.

Enrico partì alla volta di Londra dove fu incoronato con il nome di Enrico I. Suo fratello era morto solo da tre giorni.

Due ipotesi.

Guglielmo II fu ucciso per ordine di Enrico, oppure fu la vittima volontaria di un macabro rito pagano? Il perché di questa ipotesi è semplice.

Durante il suo regno (1087-1100) Guglielmo aveva deriso apertamente il Cristianesimo, saccheggiato le proprietà della chiesa e probabilmente adorato divinità pagane.

Nulla di strano perciò che la gente prendesse sul serio le voci sui presagi che si sarebbero verificati alla vigilia della caccia.

Si diceva inoltre che Guglielmo si fosse svegliato da un incubo in cui si era visto morto in un lago di sangue.

Quella stessa notte un monaco raccontò di aver fatto un sogno: un crocefisso aveva preso a calci il re buttandolo a terra, dove era rimasto soffiando fuoco e fumo.

C’era un’altra diceria.

Si vociferava che il sovrano avesse pregato Tirel di ucciderlo, perché secondo la sua “religione” aveva terminato i suoi doveri di sovrano ed era giunto il momento di essere sacrificato ritualmente.

Non si sa se queste storie siano state accettate a causa di un malcontento popolare suscitato da questo sovrano irriverente verso la religione, o se usate appositamente per distorcere la verità.

Enrico aveva tutto da guadagnare dalla morte del fratello. Guglielmo era il secondo dei tre figli di Guglielmo il Conquistatore, che aveva diviso il suo regno tra i tre figli.

A Roberto, il maggiore, era toccata la Normandia, l’Inghilterra a Guglielmo e ad Enrico una considerevole somma di denaro, ma nessuna terra.

All’inizio tra i due fratelli maggiori, ci furono molte dispute.

Nel 1096 ci un fu una riconciliazione al momento della partenza di Roberto per le Crociate che chiese al fratello del denaro per finanziare la spedizione. Denaro che ottenne in cambio della Normandia a titolo di pegno.

Nell’estate del 1100 Roberto si accingeva a tornare in Francia, dopo essersi sposato con un ricca ragazza. Guglielmo decise che non avrebbe restituito la Normandia al fratello, nonostante questi gli avesse detto che con la dote della moglie gli avrebbe rimborsato il prestito. Iniziò ad organizzare una campagna per difendere il territorio che voleva per sé, ma i preparativi furono interrotti dall’incidente di caccia nella New Forest.

Se Enrico voleva il trono d’Inghilterra doveva agire in fretta e la rapidità con cui si mosse dopo la morte del fratello fa pensare ad un disegno già stabilito. Con la morte di Guglielmo, e Roberto ancora lontano, per Enrico fu facile impadronirsi del trono inglese sul quale non aveva nessun diritto legale.

Un’altra prova a carico di Enrico fu il fatto che Tirel non fu mai perseguito legalmente e le sue terre mai confiscate.

Enrico era dispotico e crudele. A volte punì le offese personali, accecando o castrando i colpevoli. Ma veramente era in grado di attuare un crimine così odioso? Cosa avrebbe guadagnato Tirel collaborando con un nemico di Guglielmo suo sovrano e amico?

Fino all’ultimo attimo di vita Tirel si proclamò innocente.

Alcuni storici parlano di una terza freccia, altri sostengono che si sia solo trattato di un tragico incidente. Eppure anche considerando Enrico incapace di fratricidio non era certo un esempio d’amore fraterno, infatti durante il suo regno tolse la Normandia al fratello Roberto rinchiudendolo in prigione fino alla morte.

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