SIMBOLOGIA

Gatto

Il gatto fulvo originario della regione nubiana fu addomesticato nell’Antico Egitto intorno al 2000 a.C. , quello a coda mozza dei canneti era conosciuto già in precedenza. Lo troviamo infatti nel Libro dei Morti mentre taglia la testa del serpente Apophis. Il gatto domestico ben presto sostituì la divinità leonina Bastet che in epoca precedente, era una leonessa.

I gatti erano ritratti in numerose statue e la loro morte, cui faceva seguito la mummificazione e la sepoltura in bare di bronzo, veniva celebrata con grande dolore.

Quando un gatto moriva di morte naturale gli abitanti della casa si radevano le sopracciglia ed usavano mandare lamenti per ore intere. Chiudevano gli occhi della bestiola amata, gli sistemavano i baffi contro le labbra ed infine lo avvolgevano in bende.

Gatto
Bastet

Dall’Egitto i gatti arrivarono in Grecia e a Roma, dove furono considerati come attributi della dea Diana, in particolar modo quelli neri che si ritenevano fonti magiche.

Presso i Celti i gatti simboleggiavano forze malvagie e spesso erano offerti in sacrificio. La dea Freya, nella mitologia nordica, veniva raffigurata su di un carro trainato da gatti.

L’occhio del gatto, che cambia a seconda dell’incidenza della luce, era ritenuto ingannatore. La capacità di cacciare nell’oscurità quasi totale fece pensare che fosse un alleato delle potenze del maligno.

Nel Medioevo era associato alla cupidigia e alla crudeltà e considerato uno spirito ausiliario delle streghe.

Nel 1233 papa Gregorio IX emanò la bolla Vox in Rama il primo documento ecclesiastico ufficiale che condannava il gatto nero come incarnazione di Satana. Consentiva, inoltre, alla chiesa di Roma lo sterminio dei gatti e delle loro padrone. Nella sua bolla papale Summis desiderantes, emanata nel 1484, Papa Innocenzo VIII, varò misure molto severe nei confronti di maghi e streghe.

I principi da lui enunciati furono in seguito incorporati nel famoso Malleus Maleficarum (noto anche con il nome di Martello delle Streghe).

Pubblicato per la prima volta nel 1486 in esso vi erano elencati tutti i sintomi e le caratteristiche che bastavano per far sospettare una donna di stregoneria.

Il prendersi cura di uno o più gatti neri era motivo sufficiente per finire sul rogo.

La notte di San Giovanni venivano arsi vivi nelle pubbliche piazze di ogni città centinaia di gatti chiusi in ceste di paglia. La psicologia definisce il gatto “l’animale femmina per eccellenza”. E’ un animale della notte e la donna si radica più profondamente nel lato oscuro e indecifrabile dell’esistenza, rispetto alla relativa semplicità maschile.

La fama negativa di cui il gatto immeritatamente gode in molte culture è ricollegabile ai pregiudizi sfavorevoli nei confronti della natura femminile.

IL GATTO RAPPRESENTA IL FEMMININO, IL LUNARE, LA SENSUALITÀ CTONIA.

Delicato e suscettibile, indipendente ma pronto a cercare carezze quando ne ha desiderio, il gatto è legato alla fertilità e al mistero, alla notte ed alla sua potenza creativa ed evocativa.

Rappresenta, inoltre, la capacità di restare fedeli alla propria natura pur adattandosi alle richieste esterne.

Il gatto non ammette padroni né imposizioni, così come l’inconscio e le sue profonde istanze non ammettono regole di sorta.

Quando compare nei sogni, il gatto raramente ci lascia indifferenti. La sua comparsa è carica di emotività: fascino ed esasperazione, inquietudine e timore sono le emozioni che evoca nel sognatore.

Questo animale misterioso rappresenta gli istinti del subconscio.

Viene a parlarci del rifiuto di qualsiasi costrizione, di una sfrenatala gioia di vivere, dell’attaccamento ai piaceri terreni e sensuali.

POTREBBE INTERESSARTI
Gatti nell’antico Egitto

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