RELIGIONE – ANTICO EGITTO
Il giudizio divino
Nel capitolo centoventicinque del Libro dei Morti viene descritto uno dei passaggi che l’uomo dell’Antico Egitto doveva affrontare dopo la sua morte per raggiungere i Campi dei Giunchi : la pesatura del cuore ed il giudizio divino.
Il dio Anubi accompagnava il defunto nella sala del tribunale di Osiride (la sala delle due Maat) dove, alla presenza di quarantadue giudici, doveva affrontare il giudizio divino.
Anubi, a volte sostituito da Horus, deponeva il cuore del defunto su un piatto della bilancia, mentre sull’altra veniva posata una piuma, simbolo della dea Maat e rappresentazione della giustizia e dell’equilibrio cosmico
La pesatura era sorvegliata dal dio Thot che in qualità di cancelliere, registrava l’esito del giudizio, mentre il defunto recitava la sua confessione.
La prima davanti ad Osiride, la seconda davanti ai giudici ed ognuno di loro rappresentava una colpa o un peccato.
Il defunto si discolpava mediante una confessione detta “negativa” perché svolta sulla negazione d’aver commesso ingiustizie o atti malvagi (generalmente di carattere religioso o rituale).
La confessione
Questa confessione era rilasciata in due tempi: dapprima il defunto si indirizzava al tribunale nella sua interezza, poi alle quarantadue divinità che assistevano Osiride.
Dopo aver salutato quest’ultimo “Dio grande, Signore di verità e di giustizia, Signore onnipotente”, di cui egli dichiarava di conoscere il nome magico, così come quello dei suoi collaboratori, il defunto iniziava la propria confessione.
Dopo di chè il defunto doveva rispondere alle domande poste dalla sala stessa, la cui porta è identificata con la bilancia della giustizia e dal dio Thot.
Se il cuore, gravato da troppe colpe, faceva pendere la bilancia il defunto veniva divorato dalla dea Ammit, la mostruosa entità preposta alla distruzione dello spirito nel caso di verdetto sfavorevole del tribunale osiriano.” e condannato ad essere annullato per l’eternità.
Se il responso era favorevole Osiride sentenziava la sua ammissione nei “Campi dei Giunchi”.
Al giudizio erano presenti anche quattro entità che rappresentavano il divino di cui è formato l’individuo:
Il dio Shai (il destino)
la dea Meskhenet (protettrice dei parti)
la dea Renenutet (la Signora dei granai)
il ba del defunto.
Il significo morale del giudizio divino poteva essere attenuato dalla sapienza magica, infatti nel capitolo trenta del Libro dei Morti, il cuore era indotto con incantesimi a non testimoniare contro il defunto durante la confessione.
- La mummificazione
- Rituale dell’apertura della bocca
- I riti per la resurrezione
- I quarantadue giudici del tribunale della sala delle due Maat
- La confessione
- La pesatura del cuore – il Giudizio Divino
- L’aldilà – Duat
- Il viaggio dell’anima nell’aldilà
- I Campi Iaru e campi Hotep
- Cibi e vestiti di pietra nell’aldilà
- Ushabt
Finasteride Pericolosa Propecia Prednisone Mhtwxj These oils are called Lorenzos oil after the son of the family who discovered the treatment.
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